Product Development Of Flakes Cereal Based On Brown Seaweed Flour (Sargassum Sp.): Prospect of Food Materials From Papua With Low Glycemic Index

Cahyuni Saputri Yusuf — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as an antidiabetic agent contains iodine, protein, vitamins, minerals (K, Mg, Na, Fe), tannins, phenols, and alginates which during the digestion process form a gel that functions to absorb carbohydrates and slow down glucose absorption so that it can lowers blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine how to manufacture, evaluate the quality and value of the glycemic index of flakes cereal food product based on brown seaweed flour. Evaluation of cereal quality is by chemical testing on F1, F2, F3 based on parameters % carbohydrate, % protein, % fat, % water content, % ash content. The glycemic index test was prepared using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 repetitions using twenty five male mice (Mus musculus) as test animals. The results of this study obtained the formula for cereal flakes with the best composition in formula three (F3) namely brown seaweed flour 14,05 %w/w, wheat flour 9,36 %w/w, cornstarch 7,02 %w/w, crunchy 0,23 %w/w, developer 0,11% w/w, essence 0,23 %w/w, sorbitol 7,02 %w/w, and skim milk 30,45 %w/w. From the evaluation results of chemical testing of flakes cereal based on brown seaweed flour has a carbohydrate content of 63,475%, water content 7,21%, ash content 11,07%, total fat 8,835%, protein 9,41%, total energy 371,055 kcal, and energy from fat 79,515 kcal and GI value 54,39. The conclusion of this study was that the formulation and quality testing of cereals met SNI namely the parameters of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and had low GI values.

HMGB1 Expression As Regulator Of Initial Inflammation Compared To TNF Alpha In Traumatic Brain Injury Model Rats

aris widayati — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious neurological disorder, and cause of disability and death under the age of 45. One of pathological responses in TBI is neuroinflammation. Activation of neuron and glial cells is one of triggers for releasing inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1 and TNF alpha. HMGB1 is one of the nonhistone proteins attached to the nucleus. TNF alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine released at the beginning of the injury process.

Aim. This research was aimed to know expression of HMGB1 and TNF alpha in the early stages of the TBI.

Method. Using a modified Marmarau 94 method with Rattus norvegicus aged 4-5 months. Brain tissue was examined using RT-PCR to determine expression levels of HMGB1 and TNF alpha. Immunohistochemical staining was implemented to determine distribution of HMGB1 and TNF alpha proteins in neurons.

Results. RT-PCR of HMGB1 expression level was significantly increased since 30 minutes after TBI compared with control. TNF alpha expression was increase after 60 minutes of brain injury. Examination of HMGB1 levels with specific antibodies against HMGB1 showed similar results. This suggests that HMGBI is a proinflammatory cytokine that is first released compare to TNF alpha post brain injury.

Conclusion. HMGB1 is an early cytokine that is likely to induce further inflammatory processes.

Journal of Food and Life Sciences

Product Development Of Flakes Cereal Based On Brown Seaweed Flour (Sargassum Sp.): Prospect of Food Materials From Papua With Low Glycemic Index

HMGB1 Expression As Regulator Of Initial Inflammation Compared To TNF Alpha In Traumatic Brain Injury Model Rats